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Compare Sao Tome and Principe (2004) - Bolivia (2001)

Compare Sao Tome and Principe (2004) z Bolivia (2001)

 Sao Tome and Principe (2004)Bolivia (2001)
 Sao Tome and PrincipeBolivia
Administrative divisions 2 provinces; Principe, Sao Tome


note: Principe has had self-government since 29 April 1995
9 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Beni, La Paz, Oruro, Pando, Potosi, Santa Cruz, Tarija
Age structure 0-14 years: 47.7% (male 43,810; female 42,708)


15-64 years: 48.4% (male 42,469; female 45,456)


65 years and over: 3.9% (male 3,275; female 3,847) (2004 est.)
0-14 years:
38.46% (male 1,626,698; female 1,565,748)

15-64 years:
57.07% (male 2,315,098; female 2,421,987)

65 years and over:
4.47% (male 166,986; female 203,946) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, copra, cinnamon, pepper, coffee, bananas, papayas, beans; poultry; fish soybeans, coffee, coca, cotton, corn, sugarcane, rice, potatoes; timber
Airports 2 (2003 est.) 1,093 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
total:
13

over 3,047 m:
4

2,438 to 3,047 m:
3

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
2 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
1,080

2,438 to 3,047 m:
3

1,524 to 2,437 m:
65

914 to 1,523 m:
212

under 914 m:
800 (2000 est.)
Area total: 1,001 sq km


land: 1,001 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total:
1,098,580 sq km

land:
1,084,390 sq km

water:
14,190 sq km
Area - comparative more than five times the size of Washington, DC slightly less than three times the size of Montana
Background Discovered and claimed by Portugal in the late 15th century, the islands' sugar-based economy gave way to coffee and cocoa in the 19th century - all grown with plantation slave labor, a form of which lingered into the 20th century. Although independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s. Though the first free elections were held in 1991, the political environment has been one of continued instability with frequent changes in leadership and coup attempts in 1995 and 2003. The recent discovery of oil in the Gulf of Guinea is likely to have a significant impact on the country's economy. Bolivia, named after independence fighter Simon BOLIVAR, broke away from Spanish rule in 1825; much of its subsequent history has consisted of a series of nearly 200 coups and counter-coups. Comparatively democratic civilian rule was established in the 1980s, but leaders have faced difficult problems of deep-seated poverty, social unrest, and drug production. Current goals include attracting foreign investment, strengthening the educational system, continuing the privatization program, and waging an anti-corruption campaign.
Birth rate 41.36 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) 27.27 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $38.59 million


expenditures: $42.04 million, including capital expenditures of $54 million (2003 est.)
revenues:
$2.7 billion

expenditures:
$2.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998)
Capital Sao Tome La Paz (seat of government); Sucre (legal capital and seat of judiciary)
Climate tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May) varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid
Coastline 209 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution approved March 1990; effective 10 September 1990 2 February 1967; revised in August 1994
Country name conventional long form: Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe


conventional short form: Sao Tome and Principe


local long form: Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe


local short form: Sao Tome e Principe
conventional long form:
Republic of Bolivia

conventional short form:
Bolivia

local long form:
Republica de Bolivia

local short form:
Bolivia
Currency dobra (STD) boliviano (BOB)
Death rate 6.89 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) 8.2 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $318 million (2002) $6.6 billion (2000)
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Sao Tome and Principe; the Ambassador to Gabon is accredited to Sao Tome and Principe on a nonresident basis and makes periodic visits to the islands chief of mission:
Ambassador V. Manuel ROCHA

embassy:
Avenida Arce 2780, San Jorge, La Paz

mailing address:
P. O. Box 425, La Paz; APO AA 34032

telephone:
[591] (2) 432254

FAX:
[591] (2) 433854
Diplomatic representation in the US Sao Tome and Principe does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a Permanent Mission to the UN, headed by First Secretary Domingos Augusto FERREIRA, located at 400 Park Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10022, telephone [1] (212) 317-0580 chief of mission:
Ambassador Marlene FERNANDEZ del Granado

chancery:
3014 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 483-4410

FAX:
[1] (202) 328-3712

consulate(s) general:
Los Angeles, Miami, New York, and San Francisco
Disputes - international none has wanted a sovereign corridor to the South Pacific Ocean since the Atacama area was lost to Chile in 1884; dispute with Chile over Rio Lauca water rights
Economic aid - recipient $200 million in December 2000 under the HIPC program $588 million (1997)
Economy - overview This small poor island economy has become increasingly dependent on cocoa since independence 29 years ago. Cocoa production has substantially declined in recent years because of drought and mismanagement, but strengthening prices helped boost export earnings in 2003. Sao Tome has to import all fuels, most manufactured goods, consumer goods, and a substantial amount of food. Over the years, it has been unable to service its external debt and has had to depend on concessional aid and debt rescheduling. Sao Tome benefited from $200 million in debt relief in December 2000 under the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program. Sao Tome's success in implementing structural reforms has been rewarded by international donors, who pledged increased assistance in 2001. Considerable potential exists for development of a tourist industry, and the government has taken steps to expand facilities in recent years. The government also has attempted to reduce price controls and subsidies. Sao Tome is optimistic about the development of petroleum resources in its territorial waters in the oil-rich Gulf of Guinea; production could begin as early as 2004. Bolivia, long one of the poorest and least developed Latin American countries, has made considerable progress toward the development of a market-oriented economy. Successes under President SANCHEZ DE LOZADA (1993-97) included the signing of a free trade agreement with Mexico and joining the Southern Cone Common Market (Mercosur), as well as the privatization of the state airline, telephone company, railroad, electric power company, and oil company. His successor, Hugo BANZER Suarez has tried to further improve the country's investment climate with an anticorruption campaign. Growth slowed in 1999, in part due to tight government budget policies, which limited needed appropriations for anti-poverty programs, and the fallout from the Asian financial crisis. In 2000, major civil disturbances in April, and again in September and October, held down overall growth to 2.5%.
Electricity - consumption 15.81 million kWh (2001) 3.377 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) 4 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) 10 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 17 million kWh (2001) 3.625 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
56.61%

hydro:
41.6%

nuclear:
0%

other:
1.79% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Pico de Sao Tome 2,024 m
lowest point:
Rio Paraguay 90 m

highest point:
Nevado Sajama 6,542 m
Environment - current issues deforestation; soil erosion and exhaustion the clearing of land for agricultural purposes and the international demand for tropical timber are contributing to deforestation; soil erosion from overgrazing and poor cultivation methods (including slash-and-burn agriculture); desertification; loss of biodiversity; industrial pollution of water supplies used for drinking and irrigation
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection
Ethnic groups mestico, angolares (descendants of Angolan slaves), forros (descendants of freed slaves), servicais (contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde), tongas (children of servicais born on the islands), Europeans (primarily Portuguese) Quechua 30%, Aymara 25%, mestizo (mixed white and Amerindian ancestry) 30%, white 15%
Exchange rates dobras per US dollar - 9,347.58 (2003), 9,088.32 (2002), 8,842.11 (2001), 7,978.17 (2000), 7,118.96 (1999) bolivianos per US dollar - 6.4071 (January 2001), 6.1835 (2000), 5.8124 (1999), 5.5101 (1998), 5.2543 (1997), 5.0746 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: President Fradique DE MENEZES (since 3 September 2001)


head of government: Prime Minister Damiao Vaz DE ALMEIDA (since 17 September 2004)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the proposal of the prime minister


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 29 July 2001 (next to be held NA July 2006); prime minister chosen by the National Assembly and approved by the president


election results: Fradique DE MENEZES elected president in Sao Tome's third multiparty presidential election; percent of vote - NA%
chief of state:
President Hugo BANZER Suarez (since 6 August 1997); Vice President Jorge Fernando QUIROGA Ramirez (since 6 August 1997); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Hugo BANZER Suarez (since 6 August 1997); Vice President Jorge Fernando QUIROGA Ramirez (since 6 August 1997); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president

elections:
president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 1 June 1997 (next to be held May or June 2002)

election results:
Hugo BANZER Suarez elected president; percent of vote - Hugo BANZER Suarez (ADN) 22%; Jaime PAZ Zamora (MIR) 17%, Juan Carlos DURAN (MNR) 18%, Ivo KULJIS (UCS) 16%, Remedios LOZA (CONDEPA) 17%; no candidate received a majority of the popular vote; Hugo BANZER Suarez won a congressional runoff election on 5 August 1997 after forming a "megacoalition" with MIR, UCS, CONDEPA, NFR, and PDC
Exports NA (2001) $1.26 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities cocoa 80%, copra, coffee, palm oil soybeans, natural gas, zinc, gold, wood
Exports - partners Netherlands 41.7%, Canada 16.7%, Belgium 8.3%, Germany 8.3%, Philippines 8.3% (2003) UK 16%, US 12%, Peru 11%, Argentina 10%, Colombia 7% (1998)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three horizontal bands of green (top), yellow (double width), and green with two black five-pointed stars placed side by side in the center of the yellow band and a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with the coat of arms centered on the yellow band; similar to the flag of Ghana, which has a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band
GDP purchasing power parity - $214 million (2003 est.) purchasing power parity - $20.9 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 19.6%


industry: 17.8%


services: 62.6% (2003 est.)
agriculture:
16%

industry:
31%

services:
53% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,200 (2003 est.) purchasing power parity - $2,600 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 5% (2003 est.) 2.5% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 1 00 N, 7 00 E 17 00 S, 65 00 W
Geography - note the smallest country in Africa; the two main islands form part of a chain of extinct volcanoes and both are fairly mountainous landlocked; shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake (elevation 3,805 m), with Peru
Highways total: 320 km


paved: 218 km


unpaved: 102 km (1999 est.)
total:
49,400 km

paved:
2,500 km (including 30 km of expressways)

unpaved:
46,900 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
lowest 10%:
2.3%

highest 10%:
31.7% (1990)
Illicit drugs - world's third-largest cultivator of coca (after Colombia and Peru, a distant second) with an estimated 14,600 hectares under cultivation in 2000, a 33% decrease in overall cultivation of coca from 1999 levels; intermediate coca products and cocaine exported to or through Colombia, Brazil, Argentina, and Chile to the US and other international drug markets; eradication and alternative crop programs have slashed illicit coca cultivation during the BANZER administration beginning in 1997
Imports NA (2001) $1.86 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities machinery and electrical equipment, food products, petroleum products capital goods, raw materials and semi-manufactures, chemicals, petroleum, food
Imports - partners Portugal 51.6%, Germany 11.3%, Italy 6.5%, Belgium 4.8%, Netherlands 4.8% (2003) US 32%, Japan 24%, Brazil 12%, Argentina 12%, Chile 7%, Peru 4%, Germany 3%, other 6% (1998)
Independence 12 July 1975 (from Portugal) 6 August 1825 (from Spain)
Industrial production growth rate NA 4% (1995 est.)
Industries light construction, textiles, soap, beer; fish processing; timber mining, smelting, petroleum, food and beverages, tobacco, handicrafts, clothing
Infant mortality rate total: 44.58 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 46.57 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 42.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
58.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 9% (2003 est.) 4.4% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer) CAN, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MONUC, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNTAET, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 9 (2000)
Irrigated land 100 sq km (1998 est.) 1,750 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the National Assembly) Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges appointed for 10-year terms by National Congress); District Courts (one in each department); provincial and local courts (to try minor cases)
Labor force NA 2.5 million
Labor force - by occupation population mainly engaged in subsistence agriculture and fishing


note: shortages of skilled workers
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%
Land boundaries 0 km total:
6,743 km

border countries:
Argentina 832 km, Brazil 3,400 km, Chile 861 km, Paraguay 750 km, Peru 900 km
Land use arable land: 6.25%


permanent crops: 48.96%


other: 44.79% (2001)
arable land:
2%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
24%

forests and woodland:
53%

other:
21% (1993 est.)
Languages Portuguese (official) Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara (official)
Legal system based on Portuguese legal system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on Spanish law and Napoleonic Code; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (55 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 3 March 2002 (next to be held NA March 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - MLSTP 39.6%, Force for Change Democratic Movement 39.4%, Ue-Kedadji coalition 16.2%; seats by party - MLSTP 24, Force for Change Democratic Movement 23, Ue-Kedadji coalition 8
bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (27 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (130 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms; note - some members are drawn from party lists, thus not directly elected)

elections:
Chamber of Senators and Chamber of Deputies - last held 1 June 1997 (next to be held NA June 2002)

election results:
Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - ADN 11, MIR 7, MNR 4, CONDEPA 3, UCS 2; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - ADN 32, MNR 26, MIR 23, UCS 21, CONDEPA 19, MBL 5, IU 4
Life expectancy at birth total population: 66.63 years


male: 65.11 years


female: 68.21 years (2004 est.)
total population:
64.06 years

male:
61.53 years

female:
66.72 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 79.3%


male: 85%


female: 62% (1991 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
83.1%

male:
90.5%

female:
76% (1995 est.)
Location Western Africa, islands in the Gulf of Guinea, straddling the Equator, west of Gabon Central South America, southwest of Brazil
Map references Africa South America
Maritime claims measured from claimed archipelagic baselines


territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
none (landlocked)
Merchant marine total: 24 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 79,490 GRT/97,077 DWT


by type: bulk 2, cargo 14, chemical tanker 2, livestock carrier 1, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 3


foreign-owned: British Virgin Islands 1, Egypt 1, Greece 1, Lebanon 1, Portugal 1, Ukraine 2 (2004 est.)
total:
42 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 141,017 GRT/211,058 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 5, cargo 20, chemical tanker 3, container 1, petroleum tanker 10, roll on/roll off 3 (2000 est.)
Military branches Army, Coast Guard, Presidential Guard, National Guard Army (Ejercito Boliviano), Navy (Fuerza Naval Boliviana, includes Marines), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Boliviana), National Police Force (Policia Nacional de Bolivia)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $500,000 (2003) $147 million (FY99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 0.8% (2003) 1.8% (FY99)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 38,347 (2004 est.) males age 15-49:
2,005,660 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 20,188 (2004 est.) males age 15-49:
1,306,452 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 19 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
90,120 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 12 July (1975) Independence Day, 6 August (1825)
Nationality noun: Sao Tomean(s)


adjective: Sao Tomean
noun:
Bolivian(s)

adjective:
Bolivian
Natural hazards NA flooding in the northeast (March-April)
Natural resources fish, hydropower tin, natural gas, petroleum, zinc, tungsten, antimony, silver, iron, lead, gold, timber, hydropower
Net migration rate -2.72 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) -1.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 1,800 km; petroleum products 580 km; natural gas 1,495 km
Political parties and leaders Democratic Renovation Party [Armindo GRACA]; Force for Change Democratic Movement [leader NA]; Independent Democratic Action or ADI [Carlos NEVES]; Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD [Manuel Pinto Da COSTA]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Aldo BANDEIRA]; Ue-Kedadji coalition [leader NA]; other small parties Christian Democratic Party or PDC [leader NA]; Civic Solidarity Union or UCS [Johnny FERNANDEZ]; Conscience of the Fatherland or CONDEPA [Remedios LOZA Alvarado]; Free Bolivia Movement or MBL [Antonio ARANIBAR]; Movement of the Revolutionary Left or MIR [Jaime PAZ Zamora]; Nationalist Democratic Action or ADN [Hugo BANZER Suarez]; Nationalist Revolutionary Movement or MNR [Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA]; New Republican Force or NFR [leader NA]; Pachacuti Indigenous Movement [Filipe QUISPE]; United Left or IU [Marcos DOMIC]

note:
the ADN, MIR, and UCS comprise the ruling coalition
Political pressure groups and leaders NA Cocalero Groups; indigenous organizations; labor unions
Population 181,565 (July 2004 est.) 8,300,463 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 54% NA (2004 est.) 70% (1999 est.)
Population growth rate 3.18% (2004 est.) 1.76% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Santo Antonio, Sao Tome none; however, Bolivia has free port privileges in maritime ports in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Paraguay
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 1 (2002) AM 171, FM 73, shortwave 77 (1999)
Radios - 5.25 million (1997)
Railways - total:
3,691 km (single track)

narrow gauge:
3,652 km 1.000-m gauge; 39 km 0.760-m gauge (13 km electrified) (1995)
Religions Christian 80% (Roman Catholic, Evangelical Protestant, Seventh-Day Adventist) Roman Catholic 95%, Protestant (Evangelical Methodist)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female


total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.96 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.82 male(s)/female

total population:
0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age, universal and compulsory (married); 21 years of age, universal and compulsory (single)
Telephone system general assessment: adequate facilities


domestic: minimal system


international: country code - 239; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment:
new subscribers face bureaucratic difficulties; most telephones are concentrated in La Paz and other cities; mobile cellular telephone use expanding rapidly

domestic:
primary trunk system, which is being expanded, employs digital microwave radio relay; some areas are served by fiber-optic cable; mobile cellular systems are being expanded

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 7,000 (2003) 327,600 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular 4,800 (2003) 116,000 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 2 (2002) 48 (1997)
Terrain volcanic, mountainous rugged Andes Mountains with a highland plateau (Altiplano), hills, lowland plains of the Amazon Basin
Total fertility rate 5.8 children born/woman (2004 est.) 3.51 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate NA 11.4% (1997)

note:
widespread underemployment
Waterways - 10,000 km (commercially navigable)
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